Split

A split system is equipped with a condenser, an evaporator, and a compressor. The condenser is a component of the indoor unit that transfers heat energy to the carrier (water). The evaporator is located in the outdoor unit, where heat is drawn from the air. An air-to-water heat pump is considered the simplest and most efficient device for maintaining a comfortable indoor climate.

The operating principle is quite simple and consists of the following stages:

• A powerful fan in the outdoor unit draws in outside air.
• The outside air then comes into direct contact with the evaporator (heat exchanger).
• Refrigerant circulates inside the evaporator in a closed loop, heating up and evaporating (i.e. turning into a gaseous state). A special property of the refrigerant is that it boils at low temperatures.
• The gaseous refrigerant enters the compressor (which runs on electricity), where it is compressed. Compression increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.
• The heated substance under high pressure moves into the condenser, where it gives off heat to the carrier (in this case, water). After releasing its heat, the refrigerant cools, condenses, and, as a result, changes from a gaseous to a liquid state.
• An expansion valve is installed in the loop, whose job is to reduce pressure. After passing through it, the liquid refrigerant re-enters the evaporator (heat exchanger) and turns back into a gaseous state. This cycle repeats continuously.